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<math>
<math>
  \begin{array}{lll}
  \begin{array}{lll}
  \displaystyle \min_{u} && \int_0^T (\alpha \cdot x_1(t) + \beta \cdot x_1(t)^2 + \gamma \cdot u(t)^2) \\
  \displaystyle \min_{u} && \int_0^T (\alpha \cdot x_1(t) + \beta \cdot x_1(t)^2 + \gamma \cdot u(t)^2) dt \\
  \text{subject to} \\
  \text{subject to} \\
\quad \dot{x_1}(t) & = & x_2(t)),\\
\quad \dot{x_1}(t) & = & x_2(t),\\
\quad \dot{x_2}(t) & = & x_3(t), \\
\quad \dot{x_2}(t) & = & x_3(t), \\
\quad \dot{x_3}(t) & = & u(t), \\
\quad \dot{x_3}(t) & = & u(t), \\
\quad x_1(t) & \geq & 0 \ \quad \forall t \in [0, T] \\
\quad x_1(t) & \geq & 0 \ \quad & \forall t \in [0, T], \\
\quad x(0) & = & (1, -2, 0)^T, \\
\quad x(0) & = & (1, -2, 0)^T, \\
\quad x(T) & = & (0, 0, 0)^T \\
\quad x(T) & = & (0, 0, 0)^T \\
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Here is one local solution to the above control problem.
Here is one local solution to the above control problem.


<gallery caption="Reference solution plots" widths="180px" heights="140px" perrow="1">
<gallery caption="Reference solution plots" widths="500px" heights="300px" perrow="1">
  Image:Jackson.png| States and discretized control for a local optimum.
  Image:Robbins.png| States and discretized control for a local optimum.
</gallery>
</gallery>


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== References ==
== References ==
<span id="OCPjl">[1]</span> Caillau, J.-B., Cots, O., Gergaud, J., & Martinon, P. OptimalControlProblems.jl: a collection of optimal control problems with ODE's in Julia. https://github.com/control-toolbox/OptimalControlProblems.jl/blob/main/ext/Descriptions/jackson.md<br>
<span id="OCPjl">[1]</span> Caillau, J.-B., Cots, O., Gergaud, J., & Martinon, P. OptimalControlProblems.jl: a collection of optimal control problems with ODE's in Julia. https://github.com/control-toolbox/OptimalControlProblems.jl/blob/main/ext/Descriptions/robbins.md<br>




[[Category:MIOCP]]
[[Category:MIOCP]]
[[Category:ODE model]]
[[Category:ODE model]]

Latest revision as of 10:41, 28 November 2025

Robbins
State dimension: 1
Differential states: 3
Discrete control functions: 1


The Robbins problem is a classical benchmark in optimal control. This description is taken from [1].

Mathematical formulation

minu0T(αx1(t)+βx1(t)2+γu(t)2)dtsubject tox1˙(t)=x2(t),x2˙(t)=x3(t),x3˙(t)=u(t),x1(t)0 t[0,T],x(0)=(1,2,0)T,x(T)=(0,0,0)T

Parameters

These fixed values are used within the model:

Symbol Value Description
α 3 Weight on state
β 0 Weight on squared state
γ 0.5 Weight on squared control
T 10 Final time

Reference Solutions

Here is one local solution to the above control problem.

Miscellaneous and Further Reading

This formulation and a detailed description can be found in [1].

References

[1] Caillau, J.-B., Cots, O., Gergaud, J., & Martinon, P. OptimalControlProblems.jl: a collection of optimal control problems with ODE's in Julia. https://github.com/control-toolbox/OptimalControlProblems.jl/blob/main/ext/Descriptions/robbins.md