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	<id>https://mintoc.de/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem</id>
	<title>Fuller&#039;s initial value multimode problem - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://mintoc.de/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-06-09T09:06:04Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2191&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClemensZeile at 22:56, 8 January 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2191&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-01-08T22:56:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:56, 8 January 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l6&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&amp;lt;!-- Do not insert line break here or Dimensions Box moves up in the layout...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&amp;lt;!-- Do not insert line break here or Dimensions Box moves up in the layout...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;--&amp;gt;This site describes a Fuller&#039;s problem variant with no terminal constraints and additional Mayer term for penalizing deviation from given reference values.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;--&amp;gt;This site describes a Fuller&#039;s problem variant with no terminal constraints and additional Mayer term for penalizing deviation from given reference values. Furthermore, this variant comprises four binary controls instead of only one control.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Furthermore, this variant comprises four binary controls instead of only one control.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Mathematical formulation ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Mathematical formulation ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ClemensZeile</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2190&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClemensZeile at 22:55, 8 January 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2190&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-01-08T22:55:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:55, 8 January 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l6&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&amp;lt;!-- Do not insert line break here or Dimensions Box moves up in the layout...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&amp;lt;!-- Do not insert line break here or Dimensions Box moves up in the layout...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;--&amp;gt; This site describes a Fuller&#039;s problem variant with no terminal constraints and additional Mayer term for penalizing deviation from given reference values. Furthermore, this variant comprises four binary controls instead of only one control.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;--&amp;gt;This site describes a Fuller&#039;s problem variant with no terminal constraints and additional Mayer term for penalizing deviation from given reference values.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Furthermore, this variant comprises four binary controls instead of only one control.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Mathematical formulation ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Mathematical formulation ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ClemensZeile</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2189&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClemensZeile: /* Reference Solutions */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2189&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-01-08T22:53:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Reference Solutions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:53, 8 January 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l44&quot;&gt;Line 44:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 44:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the problem is relaxed, i.e., we demand that &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;w(t)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; be in the continuous interval &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[0, 1]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; instead of the binary choice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{0,1\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, the optimal solution can be determined by means of direct optimal control.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the problem is relaxed, i.e., we demand that &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;w(t)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; be in the continuous interval &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[0, 1]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; instead of the binary choice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{0,1\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, the optimal solution can be determined by means of direct optimal control.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The optimal objective value of the relaxed problem with  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; n_t=6000, \, n_u=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100 &lt;/del&gt; &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;1.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;10988197e&lt;/del&gt;-05&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. The objective value of the binary controls obtained by Combinatorial Integral Approimation (CIA) is &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;94891656e-05&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The optimal objective value of the relaxed problem with  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; n_t=6000, \, n_u=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;60 &lt;/ins&gt; &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;1.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;08947605e&lt;/ins&gt;-05&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. The objective value of the binary controls obtained by Combinatorial Integral Approimation (CIA) is &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;000422127329&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;gallery caption=&amp;quot;Reference solution plots&amp;quot; widths=&amp;quot;180px&amp;quot; heights=&amp;quot;140px&amp;quot; perrow=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;gallery caption=&amp;quot;Reference solution plots&amp;quot; widths=&amp;quot;180px&amp;quot; heights=&amp;quot;140px&amp;quot; perrow=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;FullerRelaxed &lt;/del&gt;6000 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;40 &lt;/del&gt;1.png| Optimal relaxed states determined by an direct approach with ampl_mintoc (Radau collocation)  and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n_t=6000, \, n_u=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;MmfullerRelaxed &lt;/ins&gt;6000 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100 &lt;/ins&gt;1.png| Optimal relaxed states determined by an direct approach with ampl_mintoc (Radau collocation)  and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n_t=6000, \, n_u=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;FullerRelaxed &lt;/del&gt;6000 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;40 &lt;/del&gt;2.png| Optimal relaxed controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;MmfullerRelaxed &lt;/ins&gt;6000 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100 &lt;/ins&gt;2.png| Optimal relaxed controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;FullerCIA &lt;/del&gt;6000 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;40 &lt;/del&gt;1.png| Optimal differential states trajectories of binary controls determined by an direct approach (Radau collocation) with ampl_mintoc and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n_t=6000, \, n_u=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. The relaxed controls were approximated by Combinatorial Integral Approximation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;MmfullerCIA &lt;/ins&gt;6000 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100 &lt;/ins&gt;1.png| Optimal differential states trajectories of binary controls determined by an direct approach (Radau collocation) with ampl_mintoc and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n_t=6000, \, n_u=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. The relaxed controls were approximated by Combinatorial Integral Approximation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;FullerCIA &lt;/del&gt;6000 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;40 &lt;/del&gt;2.png| Optimal binary controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Image:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;MmfullerCIA &lt;/ins&gt;6000 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100 &lt;/ins&gt;2.png| Optimal binary controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ClemensZeile</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2184&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ClemensZeile: Created page with &quot;{{Dimensions |nd        = 1 |nx        = 2 |nw        = 4 |nre       = 2 }}&lt;!-- Do not insert line break here or Dimensions Box moves up in the layout...  --&gt; This site descri...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://mintoc.de/index.php?title=Fuller%27s_initial_value_multimode_problem&amp;diff=2184&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-01-08T22:34:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;{{Dimensions |nd        = 1 |nx        = 2 |nw        = 4 |nre       = 2 }}&amp;lt;!-- Do not insert line break here or Dimensions Box moves up in the layout...  --&amp;gt; This site descri...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Dimensions&lt;br /&gt;
|nd        = 1&lt;br /&gt;
|nx        = 2&lt;br /&gt;
|nw        = 4&lt;br /&gt;
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}}&amp;lt;!-- Do not insert line break here or Dimensions Box moves up in the layout...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt; This site describes a Fuller&amp;#039;s problem variant with no terminal constraints and additional Mayer term for penalizing deviation from given reference values. Furthermore, this variant comprises four binary controls instead of only one control.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mathematical formulation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;t \in [t_0, t_f]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; almost everywhere the mixed-integer optimal control problem is given by&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
\begin{array}{llcl}&lt;br /&gt;
 \displaystyle \min_{x, w} &amp;amp; \int_{t_0}^{t_f} x_0^2 &amp;amp; \; \mathrm{d} t &amp;amp; + (x(t_f)-x_T)^2 \\[1.5ex]&lt;br /&gt;
 \mbox{s.t.} &amp;amp; \dot{x}_0 &amp;amp; = &amp;amp; x_1+ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{4} c_{0,i} \omega_i, \\&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;amp; \dot{x}_1 &amp;amp; = &amp;amp; 1 + \sum\limits_{i=1}^{4} c_{1,i} \omega_i, \\[1.5ex]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp; 1  &amp;amp;=&amp;amp; \sum\limits_{i=1}^{4}w_i(t), \\&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;amp; x(0) &amp;amp;=&amp;amp; x_S, \\&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;amp; w(t) &amp;amp;\in&amp;amp;  \{0, 1\}.&lt;br /&gt;
\end{array} &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Parameters ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We use &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_S = x_T = (0.01, 0)^T&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; together with:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
\begin{array}{rcl}&lt;br /&gt;
[t_0, t_f] &amp;amp;=&amp;amp; [0, 1],\\&lt;br /&gt;
(c_{0,1}, c_{1,1}) &amp;amp;=&amp;amp; (0, -2),\\&lt;br /&gt;
(c_{0,2}, c_{1,2}) &amp;amp;=&amp;amp; (0, -0.5),\\&lt;br /&gt;
(c_{0,3}, c_{1,3}) &amp;amp;=&amp;amp; (0, -3),\\&lt;br /&gt;
(c_{0,4}, c_{1,4}) &amp;amp;=&amp;amp; (0, 0).&lt;br /&gt;
\end{array}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Reference Solutions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the problem is relaxed, i.e., we demand that &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;w(t)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; be in the continuous interval &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;[0, 1]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; instead of the binary choice &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\{0,1\}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, the optimal solution can be determined by means of direct optimal control. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The optimal objective value of the relaxed problem with  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; n_t=6000, \, n_u=100  &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;1.10988197e-05&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. The objective value of the binary controls obtained by Combinatorial Integral Approimation (CIA) is &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;3.94891656e-05&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery caption=&amp;quot;Reference solution plots&amp;quot; widths=&amp;quot;180px&amp;quot; heights=&amp;quot;140px&amp;quot; perrow=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 Image:FullerRelaxed 6000 40 1.png| Optimal relaxed states determined by an direct approach with ampl_mintoc (Radau collocation)  and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n_t=6000, \, n_u=100&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
 Image:FullerRelaxed 6000 40 2.png| Optimal relaxed controls.&lt;br /&gt;
 Image:FullerCIA 6000 40 1.png| Optimal differential states trajectories of binary controls determined by an direct approach (Radau collocation) with ampl_mintoc and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;n_t=6000, \, n_u=100&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. The relaxed controls were approximated by Combinatorial Integral Approximation.&lt;br /&gt;
 Image:FullerCIA 6000 40 2.png| Optimal binary controls.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--List of all categories this page is part of. List characterization of solution behavior, model properties, ore presence of implementation details (e.g., AMPL for AMPL model) here --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:MIOCP]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:ODE model]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tracking objective]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chattering]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sensitivity-seeking arcs]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--Testing Graphviz&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;graphviz border=&amp;#039;frame&amp;#039; format=&amp;#039;svg&amp;#039;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
digraph G {Hello-&amp;gt;World!}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/graphviz&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ClemensZeile</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>